Marta i Marie

François Varillon

We take the event with Martha and Mary from the 10th chapter of St. Luke (Lk 10:38ff) to reflect on the connections, on the relationships between prayer and action. As we know, this is a key issue.

As they went on their way, Jesus entered a village, and a woman named Martha welcomed him into her house. She had a sister named Mary, who sat at the Lord's feet and listened to his teaching. But Martha was distracted with much serving. And she went up to him and said, “Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her then to help me!” But the Lord answered her, “Martha, Martha! You are anxious and troubled about many things. But one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the good portion, which will not be taken away from her.”

Mary and Martha, two areas within ourselves

First of all, I want to point out that the episode is placed between the parable of the Good Samaritan and the Lord's Prayer. Following the Lord's Prayer is the parable of the persistent friend. Through the parable of the Good Samaritan, Jesus praises action, the act of love, real, concrete, and effective service demonstrated by the Samaritan. And it cannot be said that the subsequent recommendation of the Lord's Prayer contradicts the praise of generous action; it is not possible. Therefore, I do not need to be troubled by the text about Martha and Mary, as many good people often are. People say: It is easy to sit at the Lord's feet with your arms crossed while someone else does all the work!

The text has often been interpreted in the sense of a contrast between the contemplative and the active life. However, such a contrast cannot be derived from the Gospels at all. Jesus rightly said that Mary has chosen the better part: it is an eternal part that will not be taken away from her because it endures into eternity. Martha's part lasts only in time. We hope that one day a person will complete their work. Not that it will be completed on earth in a political or social sense, not at all. The Christian carries a significant inner tension within themselves: 1 they must do everything possible to ensure that tomorrow's society will be a just society, even though they also know that such a society will never exist in fullness. This inner tension is essential for the Christian; perhaps Emmanuel Mounier wrote about it most beautifully.

However, it is also necessary that Martha's share is pure. To be more precise, the Gospel tells us why Martha is not pure.
The Gospel scene can be read on two levels.

It may be about a household where Martha, Mary, and a third person, Lazarus, live, who does not appear in this story. Thus, the household currently consists of three persons: Martha, Mary, and Jesus. However, we can read this story on a deeper level, where we perceive the household in Bethany as our soul, where Jesus dwells. More precisely, he dwells in our freedom, as our soul is essentially the place of our freedom. Then Martha and Mary will be something like animus and anima, as Claudel names them in one famous parable. Animus as the human spirit; anima is the deepest soul. Animus is that part of us through which we are in contact with the world, the area of ourselves that acts, whether through any activity or work. Anima is the deepest layer of the soul, the place where God creates us (if it is true that he continuously creates us, that he did not create us once for all, but is creating us at every moment). Thus, Martha will be the area of ourselves that is in contact with the world, the part of ourselves that acts. And Mary will be the area deeply focused, concentrated on God, who dwells in us. And these two components are inseparable. There is no danger that Mary will remain inactive. She is inactive only momentarily, when she is listening to Jesus' words. Jesus will not ask her to remain inactive, but to act according to his word. She listens.

(Note that when I distinguish within us two areas, two zones, they are not two different parts; they do not relate to each other like a mountain relates to a valley. We are still talking about a single person.)

Mary, a person fully human, acts according to Jesus' words because she took time to ask him what he wants. Therefore, in her actions, there will be no rush, activism, or greed. It will be an authentic action. The problem remains, what are the conditions for such authentic action that is neither rushing, nor activism nor selfishness, that is not a fragmentation of oneself.

If I say that Martha is overwhelmed by her activity, it should emphasize the word "overwhelmed," as the Latin translation puts it: Martha autem satagebat. She is absorbed, submerged; she is, in some way, immersed in activity. She hears nothing of what Jesus is saying. And precisely because she does not listen, she is not pure. The proof that she is not pure is what she says to Jesus: “Do you not care that my sister has left me to serve alone?” If she were pure, she would rejoice in being able to serve so that her sister could remain sitting at Jesus' feet. Instead, she is angry, jealous. She does not seem to realize how much work she is giving herself.

It is necessary to re-experience the whole scene and to follow Martha. I see her clearly opening the cupboard, choosing plates and a tablecloth. The other sister sits the whole time at Jesus' feet. And Jesus does not appear to be aware of how much effort Martha is putting in. “Can’t you say something to her…, or at least start to notice how hard I am working?” Martha wants her devoted service to be appreciated. In other words, she would like to appear devoted. But she cannot appear entirely devoted if, in Jesus' eyes, Marie will appear so. “Tell my sister that she isn't devoted at all at this moment; I am the only devoted one.” All of this because she hears nothing and is entirely consumed by her work, absorbed in it. Sometimes we refer to this as true devotion, but the truth lies elsewhere. True devotion is selfless. Martha will be truly devoted if she says to herself, “This is wonderful! I work, so Mary can listen to Jesus.” But this is not at all the case.

Jesus responds. We need to imagine Jesus in that room and try to hear his voice, what tone he might have used when he spoke his words. I imagine a gentle yet very firm tone, with a repeated calling: “Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things.” We could even paraphrase it as follows: “You are preparing us a feast with many courses; but why? One would be enough. You didn't ask me what I want... You are making a fuss, putting small plates on large ones. You did not ask me, so you are not doing what would please me. And what is it that I want? Only one thing is necessary.”

This does not mean, as it is often interpreted, that all that is needed is contemplation. Not at all! No. “All that is necessary is to listen to my word, to be united with me, so that one can do my will, which is the will of the Father.”

(From the book by François Varillon, Le message de Jésus.
Bayard Ed./Centurion 1998, pp. 232–235.
Translated by K. L.)